Redeveloping the National Innovative Capacity Framework: European Union Perspective
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper aims to redevelop the national innovative capacity framework and specify influence of its’ elements on shaping innovation performance EU nations. The objects empirical research are member states for period 2000–2018. collected data is employed in a multivariate Granger causality analysis that illustrates causal links between analyzed indicators considers their dynamics. results demonstrate countries seeking increase levels outputs should mostly focus scientific excellence international economic activities. A redevelopment also helped discover gender equality corruption have with all forms investigated indicators—technological, non-technological, commercial ones. outcomes this study highlight most critical areas where could improve may assist policymakers designing process future policies.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Economies
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2227-7099']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9040201